How to Draw a Body Turned Drawing
When information technology comes to learning how to describe people, start unproblematic to ensure success. And what is simpler than drawing armatures? They are most like glorified stick figures! When you end worrying about getting the proportions of the torso and legs just right or making certain your eyes are the same size and align perfectly, you can focus more on the bones thought of the torso — where things go, how they work together, how they move. In starting this way, you can take your time, slowly working to enhance your figure drawing skills. Below, Jeff Mellem demonstrates the fundamentals of drawing armatures, excerpted from his book, How to Draw People , and why starting this way leads to ameliorate figures downward the line. Enjoy! 
Drawing Armatures 101
The best way to learn to draw the human being effigy is to kickoff as simple every bit possible. Forget about tracing contours. Forget most shadows and values. And, forget most skin and bones and facial features. What you need to do is boil the figure downwards to its essence, something and then uncomplicated that it can be drawn speedily; something so clear that there'due south no question about what it represents. When people who don't know how to draw want to sketch a person, they oft end up with a stick figure. That'southward well-nigh every bit simple as you tin get. The trouble with the standard stick figure is that it doesn't possess the information on which to base a drawing. Withal, with a couple of additions and modifications, yous can plough a unproblematic stick figure into a foundation for a drawing.
Figuring out Stick Figures
If yous accept a stick figure and add some shoulders and hips, you get something that looks a lot more like a human than the usual stick figure. If you also add in some easily and feet and some bends at the elbows and knees, some volume to the head and keep all the parts roughly in proportion to a real person, you lot'll end up with something that'due south both easy to draw and recognizable as a human being. In art, this simplified figure is chosen an armature. Learning to describe armatures is a great identify to first in figure drawing. You don't take to worry nearly making the armature look like the person you're drawing. Once y'all take abroad all the details, what you're left with is a diagram of how someone is posed. By reducing the figure to this simple representation, yous proceeds the power to analyze and exaggerate poses you see and invent poses you imagine.
Hold Off on The Gestures…For At present
One important note about cartoon armatures: This is not gesture drawing. Gesture drawings are a better way to build a cartoon because they testify both the pose and the proportion of your figure (like an armature does), but they also give your drawing a rhythm and flow. The armature is a more concrete, rigid organization that hones your sense of proportion and is an like shooting fish in a barrel and clear manner to build a pose. Gesture drawing is an of import skill to master. Just for now, stick with the armature as a way to assistance you run across beyond the surface of your subject area. Now let's move on to a sit-in on drawing armatures.
1. Draw the Head
The starting time pace in drawing an armature is to describe an oval for the head. I showtime with the caput because it establishes the proportion for the residual of the body. Pay particular attention to the bending at which the head tips to the left or right. 
When you lot draw your oval, you don't need to go effectually and around. Only draw an ellipse in unmarried lines one time effectually or then. It helps to practice cartoon circles of various sizes and elongations until you tin draw a elementary oval shape consistently.
2. Draw the Face Map
Now, you must define how the head is tipping frontward or backward. Yous take to think of your shape every bit a sphere and not a apartment circle. A sphere has 3 dimensions, where every bit a circle has only ii. I know the page is flat and your circle only has two dimensions, simply you lot can make information technology announced to have depth simply by wrapping a line around the sphere'southward equator. 
To come across how this works in existent life, wrap a rubber band around a ball or draw a line around the middle of a balloon. As yous tip the brawl or balloon abroad from you, the curve of the line appears to arch upward; if y'all tip it forward, the curvation will announced to dip downwards. 
This line around the centre of the oval represents the heart line. The chin will fall at the bottom of the oval. The lesser of the olfactory organ is halfway in between the eye and the chin. The mouth is halfway between the olfactory organ line and the chin. You lot tin can add those lines if you want to prove the direction and tilt of the head. 
3. Add the Neck
You will want to add a line for the neck. This line generally represents the spine. Don't worry virtually beefcake yet; merely accept the line kickoff at the back of the sphere opposite the face up. The neck bends and twists to a large degree, then be certain to give information technology some curvature. Fifty-fifty when a person is looking straight forrad, you tin see the natural curvature of the neck in profile. 
4. Draw the Torso
The next step is to work down the torso to the anxiety. Depict a line that represents the body. Similar the neck, this line follows the general move of the spine, simply you're non trying to draw the curves of the spine itself. Don't worry about the outer curve of the spine at the rib muzzle or the inner curve at the waist. You're trying to capture the general movement of the torso down to the hips. 
5. Add the Hips
On the armature, the hips are represented by a straight line that is at a 90-caste angle from the base of operations of the spine. This makes it like shooting fish in a barrel to effigy out how to describe the hip line. In one case you've drawn the torso line, the hip line will be perpendicular to it. Facing forward, the hips are wider than the head. But, as the body turns to the side, this line foreshortens and could be as small as a single point. 
6. Draw the Legs
The legs should be about as long as the caput, neck and torso combined (assuming the body isn't foreshortened), bending at the middle for the knee. Add a simple line to indicate the direction of the feet and to anchor your figure on the footing. 
7. Describe the Shoulders and Artillery
Each shoulder moves independently, so they aren't represented by a straight line like the hips are. When the shoulders are shrugged or rotated forward, the shoulder line should reflect this with a curved line. 
The shoulder line connects to the body at a right angle, similar to the hips, but it curves upward, down, forward or back as information technology moves away from the body, according to the pose. Add the arms and hand in a similar style to the legs and feet, only a little shorter. 
Proportions
In one case you're comfortable posing an armature, you'll need to kickoff paying attention to getting the proportion correct. Every person is a little flake unlike. Some people have long legs and a short body. Other people might accept long arms or wide shoulders or a squat head, and so you have a lot of leeway in drawing these things. That said, the classical proportion of an developed is roughly seven-and-a-half heads alpine. The top of the head to the pubic area is four heads high. The legs are nearly three-and-a-half caput lengths tall, but many people stretch them to a more statuesque iv heads.
Armatures in Motion
A not bad manner to practice the armature is to requite it something to practice. This armature is hoisting a heavy sack onto his shoulder. 
In each of the drawings, I had to consider how he would move and how he would stay balanced. It helps to act out the motion yourself before getting your armature to do the same motion on the page. 
Do:Stop here and choose one of the armatures you drew from a reference. Pic in your mind the motion the person was going through when that image was captured. Act it out if y'all can. Now try to draw armatures that animate the motility before and after the moment y'all drew in the picture.
Moving Toward Gesture Drawing
Armatures are good for analyzing the pose and clearly defining how the body is positioned. The biggest shortcoming of first a drawing with an armature is that it is rigid and tiresome to get down on newspaper. Gesture drawing is an fifty-fifty quicker style to convey the movement and flow of a pose while still clearly showing how the body is positioned. You need the skills of armature drawing even though yous're not actually putting information technology down on paper. Gesture cartoon isn't about drawing a skeletal structure or the body's contours; it's about capturing the totality of the pose as ane fluid drawing. That means you may mark the twist of the spine or the exterior curve of the hips, but you're not thinking nigh those individual pieces as much every bit you are trying to capture the energy of the full pose. It still needs to requite you all the positional information that the armature did, but it likewise needs to give y'all a feeling for the whole subject — non only how everything fits together but also the attitude and free energy of the person y'all're drawing. 
Yous can run across the departure between the armature and the gesture in these two drawings of the aforementioned pose. Both show how the torso is positioned and the proportion of the figure, simply the gesture gives a sense of rhythm and flow. Yous may apply a nighttime line to emphasize the stretch at the hip or the twist through the torso and lighter, smoother lines on a relaxed arm. These initial observations, recorded in your gesture drawing, will come through as the drawing develops and help to keep the free energy and emotion through to the last rendering.
***
At present that you know how to draw armatures, you can motility on to learning all there is to know almost gesture drawing. From there, y'all can movement on to the basic skeleton of the trunk, simplified volumes, learning major anatomy, and so how to put it all together for successful figure cartoon. And, Josh Mellem's How to Depict People covers it all, with step-past-footstep lessons, exercises and assignments along the style.
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Source: https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-techniques/beginner-artist/drawing-armatures/
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